North Korea’s Hyperinflation Prompts for the widespread use of the US Dollar and Chinese Yuan

The recent Hyperinflation in North Korea has prompted the repressed citizens to use the US dollar and the Chinese yuan even when foreign currency trades goes against the government’s prohibition which is punishable by death.

From Reuters (bold mine)

Chinese currency and U.S. dollars are being used more widely than ever in North Korea instead of the country's own money, a stark illustration of the extent to which the leadership under Kim Jong-un has lost control over the economy.

The use of dollars and Chinese yuan, or renminbi, has accelerated since a disastrous revaluation of the North Korean won in 2009 wiped out the savings of millions of people, said experts on the country, defectors and Chinese border traders.

On the black market the won has shed more than 99 percent of its value against the dollar since the revaluation, according to exchange rates tracked by Daily NK, a Seoul-based news and information website about North Korea.

I previously posted about North Korea’s hyperinflation here.

The growing use of foreign currencies by North Koreans can be seen as a form of civil disobedience

More from Reuters:

But experts said the growing use of foreign currency is making it increasingly difficult for Pyongyang to implement economic policy, resulting in the creation of a private economy outside the reach of the state that only draconian measures could rein in.

For now Pyongyang appeared to be capitulating, rather than trying to stamp out foreign currency use, they said.

Estimates of how much hard currency is in circulation vary, but an analyst at the Samsung Economic Research Institute in Seoul put it at $2 billion in an April study, out of an economy worth $21.5 billion, according to some assessments. Pyongyang doesn't publish economic data.

The use of dollars and yuan is now so pervasive there is little Pyongyang can do about it, said Marcus Noland, a North Korea expert at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington.

The government would increasingly have to force people to provide goods and services to the state and get paid in won, added Noland, who closely studies the North Korean economy.

More on people defying the government:

North Korea made circulating foreign currency a crime punishable by death in September 2012, the Paris-based International Federation for Human Rights said in a report last month.

Another group, Human Rights Watch, recently interviewed more than 90 defectors who had fled North Korea in the past two years about punishment they had received for economic crimes. None said they were penalized for using or holding hard currency.

Nevertheless, ordinary North Koreans are very careful.

"I have heard multiple stories of people hiding foreign money under the floorboards in the house, or burying it up the hill in the woods out back," said one person in northeastern China who has lived in Pyongyang and regularly interacts with North Koreans.

"Nobody puts it in the bank because nobody trusts the government.

Even in North Korea, people see banks as wards or instruments of the government

Foreign currency use as backlash against the government’s attack on the thriving informal economy

Faith in the North Korean won crumbled when Kim's father, Kim Jong-il, ordered the sudden revaluation of the currency in November 2009.

The government chopped two zeroes off banknotes and limited the amount of old money that could be exchanged for new cash. The move, seen as an attack on private market activity at the time, spurred a rush to hold hard currency.

It also quickened inflation and according to South Korea's spy agency, sparked rare civil unrest in one of the world's most entrenched authoritarian states after North Koreans realized the won was not a safe store of value.

The government is widely believed to have executed the economic official who oversaw the revaluation.

Dollars have circulated in North Korea for decades, partly because of the cash siphoned off from official foreign trade.

The rise in the use of yuan is a more recent phenomenon and reflects a surge in trade and smuggling between North Korea and China along their 1,400 km (875 mile) land border, where a lot of the currency changes hands. Official trade with China is worth $6 billion annually.

Black market rates illustrate how far the won has fallen since the revaluation. It has plunged from 30 to one U.S. dollar to about 8,500, according to exchange rates tracked by Daily NK. The current official exchange rate is about 130 won per dollar.

This goes to show how people respond to repressive regimes especially when their survival is at stake.

This also goes to show of the limits of government’s influence in imposing the use of their fiat currency on the public. Despite threats on their lives, people junk worthless currencies for better alternatives.

This also exposes how much a paper tiger North Korean government is with regards to using its military to enforce the geopolitics of blackmail.

North Korean won seems headed in the same destiny with the Zimbabwean Dollar