The Pope and Populist Politics

Pope Francis plays populist politics by supposedly taking on an economic stand.

Some people continue to defend trickle-down theories which assume that economic growth, encouraged by a free market, will inevitably succeed in bringing about greater justice and inclusiveness in the world,” Francis wrote in the papal statement. “This opinion, which has never been confirmed by the facts, expresses a crude and naive trust in the goodness of those wielding economic power and in the sacra­lized workings of the prevailing economic system.

Harvard’s Greg Mankiw’s reaction (hat tip Mark Perry)

First, throughout history, free-market capitalism has been a great driver of economic growth, and as my colleague Ben Friedman has written, economic growth has been a great driver of a more moral society.

Second, "trickle-down" is not a theory but a pejorative used by those on the left to describe a viewpoint they oppose.  It is equivalent to those on the right referring to the "soak-the-rich" theories of the left.  It is sad to see the pope using a pejorative, rather than encouraging an open-minded discussion of opposing perspectives.

Third, as far as I know, the pope did not address the tax-exempt status of the church.  I would be eager to hear his views on that issue. Maybe he thinks the tax benefits the church receives do some good when they trickle down.

Wall Street’s Mary O’Grady on Venezuela as example of the Pope’s model.

Heavy state intervention was supposed to produce justice for the poor in the breadbasket of South America. We all know how that turned out.

No Christian can doubt the love expressed in the pope's message, which aims to shepherd the flock away from materialism. But the charge that grinding poverty in the world is the outgrowth of "the absolute autonomy of the marketplace" ignores reality. To be sure, even prosperous economies regulate markets. But those that have a lighter touch do better. Human history clearly demonstrates that when men and women, employing their free will and God-given talents, are able to innovate, produce, accumulate capital and trade even the weakest and most vulnerable are better off.

Instead the pope trusts the state, "charged with vigilance for the common good." Why is it then that the world's most desperate poor are concentrated in places where the state has gained an outsize role in the economy specifically on just such grounds?

…

Venezuelans need a moral authority that defends their rights to run a business, make a living, own property and preserve the purchasing power of what they earn. In short, they need a champion for a rule of law that will limit the power of the state over their person. Mother Church ought to be that voice. In siding with Mr. Maduro, however inadvertently, she harms her cause in the region.

New York Stern Professor Mario Rizzo on the Pope’s omission of the scientific dimensions of social policies.

If we move beyond Jesus’ exhortations to individuals about their moral behavior to papal exhortations about government policies to achieve the goal of eliminating or reducing avoidable human suffering, a scientific dimension is added. Policies have consequences, often unintended. The social interaction of people is more than the acts of people taken individually.  There are complexities in these cases subject to scientific analysis.

The ultimate normative goals of action can be based on a religious insight or commitment. (I prefer to say on ethics.) But the means chosen to attain those goals are in large part a scientific question. Thus the proximate goals of action are largely in the domain of science. (An exception is where the means are considered intrinsically evil.)

The point is that policies are means to ends. They are not decrees about how the world should be. They can succeed or fail to achieve the desired moral ends. They can have consequences more undesirable than the problems they purport to solve. It is hard to see what the Church can authoritatively add to these discussions.  Issues like income redistribution, globalization and financial speculation, however, are either above or below the papal pay grade. As Jeremy Bentham said about the state, the job is basically to “be quiet.”

Obviously, for a Church wanting to be relevant in its growth areas in poor, less developed countries, this might not be enough. And yet there is more it can say about the state’s use of coercion, of its violation of the basic principles of just conduct in the creation of crony “capitalist” economies, of its secrecy and lack of accountability, of the use of torture, of trafficking in slaves, and war. The Church has to its credit tackled many of these. It will be seen, I suggest, that in most of these areas governments or others are violating the fundamental principles of individual just conduct: lying, cheating, stealing, physically harming innocent individuals, failing to aid others in distress (as opposed to failing to coerce people to aid others in distress), and even the use of force where turning the other cheek would be appropriate.

But where social policy is concerned, fundamentally scientific issues are crucially involved and the Church has no greater teaching authority than the rest of us. To confuse matters by combining superficial scientific analysis with strictly moral teaching does neither the Church nor the world much good.

Uttering feel good noble sounding populist political rhetoric with hardly a good understanding of the real social consequences from proposed repressive policies will do little to help society. For me, the Pope's major gaffe has been the failure to understand that the state is run by human beings who shares the same vulnerabilities as the rest.

As the great dean of the Austrian school of economics Murray Rothbard admonished:

It is no crime to be ignorant of economics, which is, after all, a specialized discipline and one that most people consider to be a "dismal science." But it is totally irresponsible to have a loud and vociferous opinion on economic subjects while remaining in this state of ignorance.

Chart of the Day: First Non European Pope in Nearly 1,300 Years

Chart from Reuters

Short non-related personal opinions

From the way headlines on the domestic mainstream media looked, it would seem that the Philippine candidate, Cardinal Luis Tagle, was shoo-in for the Papacy. [Sorry I didn't dwell on the articles] But this has hardly been the case from the perspective of international media.

Domestic media’s elaborate drumming up of the local cardinal represents no more than the sustained indoctrination of “nationalism”, which comes at the exclusion of the minority religions practiced locally.

Nevertheless, like his predecessor, the new Pope, Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, now Pope Francis I, has been said to be another anti-free market or pro-big government activist. [The Pope should see what big government has been doing to his homeland.]

We shall soon see.

Has the Pope’s Resignation Been About Vatican’s Controversies?

Pope Benedict XVI took the Catholic world by surprise by announcing his resignation at the end of the month allegedly "because of advanced age." (CNN)

While it may be true that part of his calling it quits may be due to health, where the Vatican confirmed that Benedict has had a pacemaker for years, which may have been an aggravating factor, pressure from the Vatileaks scandals could have been the trigger (Huffington Post).

The Vatileaks scandal, according the the Huffington Post in 2012, exposed alleged corruption that “cost the Holy See millions of euros (dollars) in higher contract prices”

Further the article added that this revelation “laid bare power struggles inside the Vatican over its efforts to show greater financial transparency and comply with international norms to fight money laundering. There was even a leak of a memo claiming that Benedict would die this year.”

I guess in lieu of death, resignation may have been the outcome. I blogged about this scandal last year.

Add to this other controversies that has plagued Pope Benedict’s reign.

From Reuters

The child abuse scandals hounded most of his papacy. He ordered an official inquiry into abuse in Ireland, which led to the resignation of several bishops…

Benedict confronted his own country's past when he visited the Nazi death camp at Auschwitz. Calling himself "a son of Germany", he prayed and asked why God was silent when 1.5 million victims, most of them Jews, were killed there.

Ratzinger served in the Hitler Youth during World War Two when membership was compulsory. He was never a member of the Nazi party and his family opposed Adolf Hitler's regime.

Of course most of mainstream media has been silent about this.

Yet in support of Occupy Wall Street, the Pope has spoken, if not ranted, against alleged “greed”, which he mistakenly had attributed to laissez faire capitalism. 

Obviously, he had most likely been utterly confused or deliberately misled (by influence peddlers) in associating cronyism or corporatism for free markets. 

And even more bizarre is that the Vatican has even endorsed the ECB’s inflationism! Redistribution from society (or transfer of wealth) to rich bankers and the political class has been by the Vatican as moral??!!

On the other hand, the Pope’s foray into politics by misreading and distorting economics could have been that capitalism served as convenient smokescreen from the internal controversies, wrangling, and power struggles that put pressure on the Pope and the Vatican.

As I previously wrote,

Is it not that the Bible warned that “He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone”? (John 8:7)

Does this not apply to the Vatican too?

Whether due to health or political controversies or both, this shows that Pope Benedict is just human, and thus subject to the frailties of humanity as shown whether in health, moral, organizational or even political economic issues.

Vatican’s Scapegoating Capitalism

The easiest way of blaming social evils has been to bash capitalism. 

A good example has been the recent New Year homily by the Catholic Pope Benedict XVI who condemned “unregulated capitalism” for sowing “hotbeds of tension and conflict caused by growing instances of inequality between rich and poor” due to "the prevalence of a selfish and individualistic mindset which also finds expression in an unregulated financial capitalism” (BBC)

In the eyes of the Pope, the world operates on unregulated or unfettered individualism. 

In reality, the world is being suffocated by mounting regulations that has essentially been shifting the balance of social power from the markets to politicians.

Proof?

In 2012, in the US 29,000 laws came into existence in the state laws with more coming.

From CNBC.com

In 2013 in Illinois, motorcyclists will be able to "proceed through a red light if the light fails to change." In Kentucky, releasing feral or wild hogs into the wild will be prohibited. And in Florida, swamp buggies will not legally be considered motor vehicles.

On Jan. 1, as crowds of people toast to a new year, more than 400 news laws across the country will take effect — and possibly improve life for some.

"The laws that state governments deal with are really the laws that impact people on a daily basis," said Jon Kuhl, a spokesmanfor the National Conference of State Legislatures, which tracks the bills. "Whether amending or updating laws or enacting brand new legislation, it was an active year."

In addition to the new laws of 2013, more than 29,000 laws were passed by state legislatures this year, Kuhl said. Many dealt with healthcare, education, gay rights, child safety and the Internet.

And that’s aside from Federal laws. (MSNBC estimates the above at 40,000 laws including federal)

Another fact is that US tax code has ballooned from 400 to 72,000 words.

As Voxxi notes (chart theirs)

We have more professional tax preparers in the United States than law enforcement officers (765,000) and professional firefighters (310,400) combined.

But we need them. Consider this: in  1913, we had 400 pages of federal tax code in law. Today, its more than 72,000 pages.

Fear of being audited has led to this boost in tax preparers.

In short lobbying, tax avoidance, corruption and other means to influence political institutions to acquire favorable treatment becomes the commonplace operations.

 

And the above is just a segment of the overall political picture.

In other words, the Pope got his perverted idea of social malfeasance backward. Either the Pope has been misinformed or has not been forthright.

The Pope only needs to see how government debt levels in developed countries has been skyrocketing and how central banks have been bailing out the the privileged bankers. This has hardly been a function of individual-market based greed but of greed by those in power and their cohorts.

What the Pope and the Vatican seem to really rebuke hasn't been unregulated capitalism but state capitalism, corporatism or cronyism.

Yet in truth, individuals are not innately evil. It is mainly political power that debauches morality.

As the great John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, popularly known as Lord Acton [Online Library of Liberty] pointed out

I cannot accept your canon that we are to judge Pope and King unlike other men, with a favourable presumption that they did no wrong. If there is any presumption it is the other way, against the holders of power, increasing as the power increases. Historic responsibility has to make up for the want of legal responsibility. Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men, even when they exercise influence and not authority, still more when you superadd the tendency or the certainty of corruption by authority. There is no worse heresy than that the office sanctifies the holder of it.

I am inclined to think that institutions like the Catholic church have used capitalism as convenient scapegoats when they are underfire, i.e. to deflect on the raging controversies, such as charges of institutional corruption and sexual abuse  which like the Australian Catholic Church admits and apologized.

Is it not that the Bible warned that “He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone”? (John 8:7)

Does this not apply to the Vatican too?

How Italian Renaissance Bankers Bought off the Church

From at Mary Tao at the New York Fed Research Library (hat tip Bob Wenzel)

What do the Italian Renaissance and the Great Depression have in common? Commissioned works of art, Italian Renaissance methods of fresco painting, and themes of banking and money.

During the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries, many Florentine bankers hired artists to produce devotional paintings and then donated those pieces to the Catholic Church to offset the Church’s disapproval of interest-bearing loans. Since usury was very much frowned upon, this practice of buying penance did not sit well with one Friar Girolamo Savonarola. He was such a vocal critic of the donations that he arranged for bonfires of “vain, lascivious, or dishonest things” (including many Renaissance artworks) in 1497 and 1498. The Medici Bank, the largest bank at that time, had much success in evading the ban on usury; its collapse in 1494 gave Savonarola leverage in his cause. The recent Florentine exhibit Money and Beauty. Bankers, Botticelli and the Bonfire of the Vanities depicts “how the modern banking system developed in parallel alongside the most important artistic flowering in the history of the Western world.”

Buying penance is as relevant today as it has been during the Renaissance. Many wealthy citizens indulge in huge donations to their respective churches or lavish on pilgrims in the hope of acquiring spiritual salvation.

While the activities of Italian bankers in the renaissance may not be about salvation, it had been about political influence peddling. It could also be seen as the natural impulse to arbitrage politics.

Of course flourishing of trade has been a critical factor in the “artistic flowering” or the “rebirth of learning” in the history of the Western world.

To quote the late Professor Sudha Shenoy,

It was the Muslims who saved the Latin and Greek texts during the European dark ages. This led to the Renaissance in due course. The Italian merchants learned their business methods from Islam. There is a commercial history, and a history of tolerance, that needs to be recaptured.

HOT: Charges of Corruption in the Vatican

Even the Vatican has not been spared from charges of corruption and from internal political power struggles.

From the Daily Mail,

Vatican police have arrested Pope Benedict XVI's personal butler following an investigation into the leaking of sensitive church documents, it emerged today.

In a scenes worthy of a Dan Brown thriller, the butler identified as Paolo Gabriele, 46, was held by gendarmes after a special commission of three top senior cardinals had been appointed by a furious Pope Benedict to identify the source of the leaks which have caused severe embarrassment.

Gabriele, who has been at the Pope's side for six years, is one of the German born pontiff's closest members of his inner circle which totals just four lay people and four nuns and he is always at his side - he is so close that he and the nuns who look after him are described as the 'pontiff's family'…

The arrest of Gabriele comes just days after author Gianluigi Nuzzi published a book on the leaked documents called Sua Santita (His Holiness).

The Vatican had condemned the book as 'criminal' and the printing of the documents were a violation of the Pope's privacy it said.

Nuzzi hit back and said that the files were not private and were documents between states and he added they had been given to him by people who work inside the Vatican and in a reference to the Bible, he said the sources wanted to 'get the moneylenders out of the temple'.

Today's arrest came just a month after Pope Benedict turned detective and appointed a special commission to investigate the series of damning and embarrassing leaks of sensitive Catholic Church documents from the Vatican as it still tries to recover from the priest sex abuse scandal.

Dozens of documents including private letters to the Pope have found themselves into the hands of the Italian media in what has been dubbed, unsurprisingly, Vatileaks.

The documents show how contracts were awarded to favoured companies and individuals and also highlight allegations of internal power struggles with the Vatican's bank known as the Institute for Religious Works.

By coincidence on Thursday the head of the bank, Ettore Gotti Tedeschi, who is already under investigation for money laundering resigned after a vote of no confidence and initially there were rumours that he was the person responsible for the leak of documents.

The scandal began in January with the publication of leaked letters from the former deputy governor of the Vatican City archbishop Carlo Maria Vigano, in which he pleaded not to be transferred after he had exposed what he said was corruption over the awarding of contracts.

Earlier the Vatican supported Occupy Wall Street over so-called “corporate greed” and even called for "sweeping reforms".

It had been apparent that the Vatican hardly considered the real political economic conditions (that led to the present juncture) from which impulsive judgment had been passed.

The Vatican hardly realized that they fell for deceptive moral trap laid out by the socialists.

And surprisingly, even the Vatican economist endorsed ECB’s inflationist policies.

I guess with the above report, the idiom “what comes around goes around” applies.

Vatican Banker Endorses ECB’s Inflationism

Not even the pious seem to be exempt from the temptations of inflationism

From Wall Street Journal,

The European Central Bank should act as the euro zone’s lender of last resort and the implementation of the euro-zone bonds proposal are both necessary in the bloc’s efforts to rein in the debt crisis, the head of the Vatican’s bank said Wednesday.

The signal that these measures would send to investors would be so strong as to abate speculative attacks on some euro-zone countries, Ettore Gotti Tedeschi, chairman of the Vatican bank, known as the Institute of Religious Works, said at a conference in Rome on the debt crisis.

The aforementioned Vatican banker advocates on the GREED which the Vatican recently vehemently censured. This also implies that he endorses the rescue of the politically privileged banking class and the political class at the expense of the average citizens.

The left hand does not know what the right hand is doing.

Inflationism is evil, Henry Hazlitt explained why…

The real evil of inflation is that it redistributes wealth and income in a wanton fashion often unrelated to the contribution of different groups and individuals to production. All those who gain through inflation on net balance necessarily do so at the expense of others who lose through it on net balance. And it is often the biggest gainers by inflation who cry the loudest that they are its chief victims. Inflation is a twisted magnifying lens through which everything is confused, distorted, and out of focus, so that few men are any longer able to see realities in their true proportions.

More…

An inflation tends to demoralize those who gain by it even more than those who lose by it. The gainers become used to an "unearned increment." They want to keep their relative gains. Those who have made money from speculation prefer to continue this way of making money instead of working for it. I remember once, early in 1929, a conversation between two friends, both of whom held prominent posts as book reviewers but both of whom were heavily in the stock market. They were exchanging stories about their profits. "Today your salary," they agreed, "is just a tip." People do not like to work full time just for a tip.

The long-term trend in an inflation is toward less work and production, and more speculation and gambling. The profiteers from inflation tend to spend freely, frivolously, and ostentatiously. This increases the resentment of those who have been less favored. The incentive to ordinary saving, in the form of savings accounts, insurance, bonds, or other fixed-income obligations, tends to disappear. The spectacle of quick and easy returns increases the temptations to corruption and crime.

It is not merely that inflation breeds the gambling spirit and corruption and dishonesty in a nation. Inflation is itself an immoral act on the part of government. When modern governments inflate by increasing the paper-money supply, directly or indirectly, they do in principle what kings once did when they clipped the coins. Diluting the money supply with paper is the moral equivalent of diluting the milk supply with water. Notwithstanding all the pious pretenses of governments that inflation is some evil visitation from without, inflation is practically always the result of deliberate governmental policy.

‘Heavenly’ noble sounding policies applied to reality ‘earth’ doesn’t work. Inflationism is the work of the devil in disguise.

Vatican supports Occupy Wall Street

From the Reuters

The Vatican called on Monday for sweeping reforms of the world economy and the creation of a ethical, global authority to regulate financial markets as demonstrations against corporate greed continued to spring up in major cities across the globe.

An 18-page document from the Vatican's Justice and Peace department said the financial downturn had revealed behaviours like "selfishness, collective greed and hoarding of goods on a great scale," adding that world economics needed an "ethic of solidarity" among rich and poor nations.

Urging Wall Street powerbrokers to examine the impact of their decisions on humanity, the Vatican called on those who wanted to change economic structures to "not be afraid to propose new ideas, even if they might destabilise pre-existing balances of power that prevail over the weakest."

The document was released as "Occupy Wall Street" protests this month sparked similar anti-capitalist movements around the world with demonstrators angry over government bailouts of big banks, corporate bonuses, and economic inequality.

Vatican wants the governments to impose “heaven on earth” policies in the delusional belief that governments are essentially ‘immaculate’ and has the power to repeal the law of economics by the use of force. This only shows how Vatican has NO idea of the origins of the evil she decries of, and the complicit role of governments in the current political order.

The Pope needs to know that the Governments has been masterminding the current “collective greed” political arrangements. The Vatican needs to answer who has been conducting bailout policies and most importantly WHY this are being done?

Second, Vatican prefers the use of more violence through the “creation of a ethical, global authority” to discipline or “to regulate” the markets.

It is ironic that the Vatican has been proposing actions which runs contrary to what she preaches.

Just how can love or ‘ethic of solidarity’ be attained through the enforcement of redistributionist policies that have been anchored on violence?

Heaven on Earth.