Sunday, June 23, 2019

Has the Phoenix Risen? Gold Prices Barrels Through $1,400, a Six-Year High; Be Bullish on Gold Mines!




Has the Phoenix Risen? Gold Prices Barrels Through $1,400, a Six-Year High; Be Bullish on Gold Mines!

No international agreements, no diplomats, and no supernational bureaucracies are needed in order to restore sound monetary conditions. If a country adopts a noninflationary policy and clings to it, then the condition required for the return to gold is already present. The return to gold does not depend on the fulfillment of some material condition. It is an ideological problem. It presupposes only one thing: the abandonment of the illusion that increasing the quantity of money creates prosperity—Ludwig von Mises, Economic Freedom and Interventionism

Gold Prices Soar to 2013 Highs: Expectations of Fed’s Easy Money Policies?

From the CNN: Gold bugs are finally having a moment. The price of gold topped $1,400 an ounce Friday. That's the highest level since September 2013. The price of gold is now up nearly 10% this year. Gold has gained momentum thanks to expectations of a rate cut by the Federal Reserve as soon as next month. Rate cut hopes have helped push the dollar lower -- and gold tends to rally when the dollar gets weaker because that makes it more attractive to foreign buyers.

From AFP/Philstar: The Federal Reserve opened the door to an interest rate cut on Wednesday, vowing to act to keep the economy growing as uncertainties about trade and other issues mount. US Federal Reserve chief Jerome Powell said trade friction and slowing growth worldwide have led many central bankers to feel the case for an interest rate cut has "strengthened" but most still want to see more data before making a move. But one policymaker dissented in the vote, advocating for an immediate cut -- something President Donald Trump has been calling for loudly and which many economists say is necessary given the damage done by the escalating trade frictions. Hasn’t the decade long growth of US economy been the longest. (bold added)

The US is poised to register the longest economic expansion on record next month, but by far has been the weakest.  Powell’s Fed just raised policy rates last December, and now they’re contemplating cuts, why?  Because US Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell accommodated on the wishes of US President Donald Trump who threatened to him with demotion?

And why a turnaround from ECB’s Mario Draghi who proposed to "cut interest rates again or provide further asset purchases if inflation doesn’t reach its target"?

Didn’t US President Trump throw the gauntlet of the risk of a currency war by accusing ECB’s Draghi of “currency manipulation” for announcing the likelihood of ECB’s monetary easing?

Wouldn’t these imply an escalation of policy uncertainty for the global economy, aside from trade friction?

The Panic Bid on Global Treasury Markets!

And why the panic bid over global bonds?
Figure 1

The global stock of negative yielding bond exploded to $13 trillion by the end of the week, backed by a one-day record flow of $700 billion! (figure 1, top window)

It’s been a race to the lowest yield for global bonds. (figure 1, middle window) Why?

The global money supply is at a record high but in the context of the US, money supply expansion has led to lower monetary velocity, depressing statistical inflation, and the estimated economic output.  (figure 1, lower window)

Has the global money supply expansion been reflecting the escalation of financial repression; inflating asset prices and debt stock coming at the expense of the real economy?

Has the panic buying of global bonds been symptomatic of an escalation of deflationary expectations?

And or, have the global fixed income community been front-running global central banks in expectations of a coming financial bailout through the revival of large scale asset purchases (LSAP) or quantitative easing (QE) via massive bond buying?

Has moral hazard become deeply entrenched to have plagued the global fixed income markets?

And if the fixed income markets expect global central banks to respond aggressively to a sharp deterioration of economic conditions, why has the stock market diverged from this perspective?

Have financial markets become utterly dysfunctional from frequent backstops, manipulations and interventions?

Have financial markets been so enamored or mesmerized by the perceived power of the central banks to stabilize financial and economic conditions? (the Halo effect)

And have financial markets been kept blissfully blind from the escalating entropy of the real conditions?

As Doug Noland of the Credit Bubble Bulletin aptly puts: “Today’s prescription for unstable markets and finance: more monetary stimulus. For unstable economies: more monetary stimulus. For inequality, trade wars and geopolitical uncertainties: much more monetary stimulus.”

Soaring Gold and Treasury Prices: The Liquidity And Fear Trade

Have the Fed-led global central banks been truly in control of the markets?
Figure 2

Yield curve inversions have afflicted not just the US treasury markets such as the 10-year 3-month and the 10-year Fed Fund Rate, but also the US Libor curve, and the Eurodollar futures.

Haven’t these been indicative of TIGHT monetary conditions?

And hasn’t the collapse of the spread of 10-year Fed Fund been a dynamic even before Trump’s “trade wars”?
Figure 3

And what just happened to the Fed’s floor system? The Effective Fed Fund rate has been drifting ABOVE the Interest on Excess Reserve (IOER) since April, the latter which is supposed to serve as a ceiling. (figure 3, top window)

And why have primary dealers have been massively hoarding US treasuries? Have collateral issues been intensifying? Have surging gold prices been a manifestation of an ongoing rapid depletion of liquidity, through a growing scarcity of collateral (rising repo fails), to inspire “fear trades” in both gold and government treasuries? (figure 3, middle and lower windows)

Has the volte-face of the FED been from these liquidity risk factors?

Why have these occurred if the Fed and central banks have been in control?

If so, has gold been pricing in magnified risks of a global economic and financial shock?

To add, geopolitical risks have been mounting.

For instance, though US President Trump had second thoughts to bomb Iran, in retaliation to Iran’s downing of US drones, he ordered a cyber assault on Iran’s military facilities instead. Bombs struck two oil tankers from unknown sources in the Strait of Hormuz, but the US government lays the blame for this on Iran. And this may be another reason for Trump's aborted bombing. The Indian government sent warships to protect its shipping interests.

Hong Kong’s mass protest against the extradition bill had blamed by the Chinese government on Western interference.

The Italian government desires to control its central bank by asking for legal powers to make the appointments of the members of the Bank of Italy.

Which will be proven right in a not so distant future (perhaps 2H of 2019?), the Gold-Treasury Fear Trade or the Risk-ON Equities?

Gold Price Ramp in Other Currencies, Philippine Peso Based Gold Prices Approach Record High
Figure 4

Gold prices in USD crossed the 1,400-threshold for the first time since September 2013.

Surging gold prices have become apparent everywhere.

Gold prices in the Philippine peso (upper window) soared to 2012 highs and may be testing the all-time 2011 peak soon.

Meanwhile, gold prices in the Malaysian ringgit (lower left) and the Indonesian rupiah (lower right), among the many others, raced to new records.

Though the USD will remain the benchmark against gold, individual currencies will perform distinctly relative to gold.

An uptrend in gold prices should manifest in most currencies.

Mining Investments: Be Fearful When Everybody Is Greedy And Greedy When Everybody Is Fearful!

From an investment/market point of view, global gold mining stocks were on fire this week.
Figure 5

The FTSE Gold mines surged 7.6% this week and posted a 21.58% return for the year. (Figure 5, upper window, from US Global Investors)

Meanwhile, the NYSE Gold Bug Index (HUI) soared 9.35% over the week, constituting almost half of its 18.31% 2019 return.

The Philippine mining index was higher 2.12% (-10.93% y-t-d) this week primarily from gains of gold mines. For the week, Philex Mining bested the field up 10.65%. Apex Mining’s +7.44% came in second, then United Paragon’s +4.62%, Lepanto +3.6% and Manila Mining +2.7%.

With the passage of the BSP’s Gold Bill, the war on gold has ended, which should reduce political uncertainty and risk of the sector. [See Bullseye! NG-BSP Admits that the War on Mining Has Failed, the BSP’s Gold Bill is Now a Law! May 26, 2019]

Therefore, a sustained uptrend in gold prices should benefit the underappreciated and highly unpopular industry.  

As Warren Buffett advised, Be fearful when everybody is greedy and greedy when everybody is fearful.

It is time to apply the same formula to the mining sector.

Fear will remain the dominant sentiment over an extended period. As such, returns should outperform as risk diminishes.

In the fullness of time, mines will become a mainstream bubble similar to its previous cycle (2004-2012) which climaxed in 2012.

Let me share a truncated refined excerpt (from my MDR report) for a potential exposure to Apex Mining [PSE: APX]:

APX provides three buying windows which are all dependent on the success of the seed, or the recent breakout.

The first window is at the present levels (1.25 to the early 1.30s), representing an eight-month downtrend.

The second is the three-year (2016) resistance (1.40-1.50).

The third is on the psychological threshold the two-year high of Php 2.

[send a note for more]

Nota Bene: A sustained upside of the international prices of gold ultimately determine the feasibility of the gold trade.

Be greedy when everybody is fearful.

Monday, June 17, 2019

Bullseye! 1Q 209 Balance of Payment (BOP) Data Shows Extensive Buildup of USD Liabilities Boosted GIRs and the USD peso


Bullseye! 1Q 209 Balance of Payment (BOP) Data Shows Extensive Buildup of USD Liabilities Boosted GIRs and the USD peso

Last April, I proposed that the rocketing of Philippine Gross International Reserves (GIRs) had been a function of a massive buildup of USD short positions or borrowing.

So, aside from UST liquidations, USD inflows have originated from where?

The likely answer: Foreign Official Institutions (FOI) and Foreign Banks (FB) THROUGH the US banking system.

The Treasury International Capital Reporting System reveals of a two-month jump in total claims on the Philippines.

Last January, claims by FOIs and Foreign Banks on the Philippines vaulted 33.3% year-on-year to push growth in Total Claims up by 20.73%. FOI and FB constituted 92.9% of total claims.

So to prop up its GIR, the BSP along with the banking system must have borrowed substantially from foreign central banks and foreign banks (Eurodollar capacity). The surge in inflows of US Dollars not only pushed Philippine Treasury yields down, but also firmed up the peso. 


From the BSP’s 1Q Balance of Payment (BOP) press release which announced a reversal from deficit to surplus: (bold added)

The country’s balance of payments position (BOP) recorded a surplus of US$3.8 billion in Q1 2019, a reversal of the US$1.2 billion deficit recorded in the same quarter last year. This developed as a result of the higher net inflows (i.e., net borrowing by residents from the rest of the world) in the financial account, mainly on account of the reversal of portfolio investments to net inflows as well as the increased net inflows in the other investment and direct investment accounts during the quarter…

Financial Account. The financial account recorded net inflows (i.e., net borrowing of residents from the rest of the world) of US$4.7 billion in Q1 2019, more than five times the US$816 million net inflows posted in Q1 2018. This significant upturn was driven by the reversal of portfolio investments to net inflows (from net outflows) coupled with the higher net inflows of other and direct investments…. The other investment account posted higher net inflows of US$1.8 billion in Q1 2019 compared to the US$1.3 billion net inflows in the same period in 2018. Net inflows were driven mainly by residents’ net incurrence of liabilities and their net disposal of financial assets. Residents’ net incurrence of liabilities in the first quarter of 2019 reached US$1.1 billion, a turnaround from the net repayment of US$318 million in 2018. This developed as net availment of loans by resident banks totaled US$103 million (from net repayments of US$1.8 billion) and that of the NG amounted to US$947 million (from US$399 million).

Bullseye!

To cosmetically buoy international reserves and to inundate the system with foreign exchange, the financial system, the BSP and the NG have increased its USD liabilities on a grand scale.

And because such FX leveraging translates to a funding liability mismatch, where USD borrowed today will have to be paid tomorrow in the same currency from a system which operates on the peso, thereby signifying a funding mismatch, such exposure represents a “USD short” that magnifies the system's currency risk profile.

The BSP reported April GIRs at USD 85.02 billion, higher by USD 1.14 billion from a month ago to almost reach the 2016 apex.
Figure 1

Aside from gold’s price increase, the BSP wrote that the jump in reserves had been from inflows “arising from the National Government’s (NG) net foreign currency deposits, the BSP’s foreign exchange operations and income from its investments abroad”. The inflows had been “tempered partially by payments made by the NG for servicing its foreign exchange obligations”.

The BSP’s Forex holdings jumped USD 636.4 billion month-on-month to account for 55.65% share of the USD 1.144 billion.  Foreign investments grew by USD 300.8 billion while gold rose USD 208.7 billion. Since peaking in September 2018, the BSP’s FX holding collapsed.

The NG has depended more on the capital markets to raise forex exchange funding as the BSP reduced its FX exposures.

Put this way, the NG and the BSP have resorted to financial operations or increased leveraging to bolster headline reserves.

Meanwhile, operational sources of USD revenues continue to show material slack.

Figure 2

External trade continues to slow. Total trade contracted -1.03% in April, mainly from a 1.91% decline in imports as exports inched higher by .44%, PSA data showed.

For the first four months, total trade barely expanded .93%, predicated on 2.91% of import growth and from a 2.09% decrease in export growth. 

Weak imports have coincided with the flailing trend of money supply growth, which translates to domestic demand shortfall.

As such, April deficit ballooned anew to USD 3.5 billion.
Figure 3
OFW Remittances can hardly be reliable source of USD supplies. That’s because Remittances growth has been on a declining since 2014. 1Q19 personal and cash remittances were up 3.7% and 4.2% from the same period a year ago.
 
Figure 4

FDI’s have been a tenuous source of USD supply.

Though headline FDIs have increased in 1Q 2018, but lower 15.15% in 2019, debt has become the primary source of investments. It constituted 72.7% of the reported March FDI. Debt’s share of FDI continues to expand.

This leaves services exports (BPOs) as the last non-financial operations source of USD supplies. Unfortunately, except for the GDP, there barely is an updated published data on these.

But the general point is that unless these revenue centers grow sufficiently, the mounting USD liabilities, which temporarily provides a soothing effect on the peso, is going to take its toll in a not so distant future.

As a matter of partial confirmation, the BSP reported that outstanding external debt rose by 9.8% to USD 80.431 billion in 1Q 2019 from USD 73.196 billion over the same period a year ago.

We remain bullish the USD-php.