The art of economics consists in looking not merely at the immediate hut at the longer effects of any act or policy; it consists in tracing the consequences of that policy not merely for one group but for all groups—Henry Hazlitt
Sunday, August 02, 2020
The Long-Term Price Trend and Investment Perspective of Gold
Tuesday, August 12, 2014
Quote of the Day: Never confuse faith with the discipline to confront the most brutal facts of your current reality
On September 9th, 1965, US Navy pilot James Stockdale was shot down over North Vietnam and seized by a mob.He would spend the next seven years in Hoa Lo Prison, the infamous “Hanoi Hilton”.The physical brutality was unspeakable, and the mental torture never stopped. He would be kept in solitary confinement, in total darkness, for four years.He would be kept in heavy leg-irons for two years and put on a starvation diet.When told he would be paraded in front of foreign journalists, he slashed his own scalp with a razor and beat himself in the face with a wooden stool so that he would be unrecognizable and useless to the enemy’s press.When he discovered that his fellow prisoners were being tortured to death, he slashed his wrists to show his torturers that he would not submit to them.When his guards finally realized that he would die before cooperating, they relented.
The torture of American prisoners ended, and the treatment of all American prisoners of war improved.Jim Collins, author of the influential study of US businesses, ‘Good to Great’, interviewed Stockdale during his research for the book. How had he found the courage to survive those long, dark years ?“I never lost faith in the end of the story,” replied Stockdale.“I never doubted not only that I would get out, but also that I would prevail in the end and turn the experience into the defining moment of my life, which in retrospect, I would not trade.”Collins was silent for a few minutes. The two men walked along, Stockdale with a heavy limp, swinging a stiff leg that had never properly recovered from repeated torture.Finally, Collins went on to ask another question. Who didn’t make it out ?“Oh, that’s easy,” replied Stockdale. “The optimists.”Collins was confused.“The optimists. Oh, they were the ones who said, ‘We’re going to be out by Christmas.’And Christmas would come, and Christmas would go. Then they’d say, ‘We’re going to be out by Easter.’And Easter would come, and Easter would go. And then Thanksgiving. And then it would be Christmas again. And they died of a broken heart.”As the two men walked slowly onward, Stockdale turned to Collins.“This is a very important lesson. You must never confuse faith that you will prevail in the end – which you can never afford to lose – with the discipline to confront the most brutal facts of your current reality, whatever they might be.”
Tuesday, February 25, 2014
Quote of the Day: Why High Profits have a depressing effect on investment
Profit margins reflecting internal yields on US corporate assets have increased in the last few years. According to what Andrew Smithers disparagingly refers to as “stock broker economics”, high rates of profit are good for stocks. The Austrian economist Jesús Huerta de Soto makes an under-appreciated point about profit margins and stock prices. Pervasively high or increasing rates of profit may show that the rate of time preference is increasing, implying that the capital stock is shrinking. If not time preference, then the perception of risk may be increasing, which would have a similar depressing effect on investment.
Monday, February 24, 2014
Why Strong Economic Growth Hardly Equals Outsized Equity Returns
So yes I second the motion: Buy distress (bust/fear) Sell growth (boom/greed).
Thursday, February 13, 2014
1929 Stock Market Chart Parallels and Real Private Businesses Investing
But as we have pointed out before, world stock and bond markets are heavily manipulated, if not rigged, by central bankers who control the money supply.Fundamentals no longer matter. If one single person (now Fed Chair Janet Yellen) says she will print, stocks go up. If she says she will taper, stocks go down.This isn’t investing. It’s gambling. Financial analysis has been replaced by soothsaying and tasseography (reading the tea leaves), hoping to detect some hint in the direction that central bankers are leaning.This is the chief reason why I seldom participate in public markets anymore; it seems ludicrous to pile on a giant tidal wave of paper currency and entrust central bankers with my investment returns.Not to mention, it’s uncertain how long they can keep this party going as the following (rather scary) chart shows. There’s an eerie parallel between the market’s performance today and the runup to the crash of 1929.
And in the fun-house mirror of logic of markets, the chartists can at times be correct...But this is a confidence trick: Everybody knows that everyone else knows about the support points, so they place their bets accordingly. It beggars belief that vast sums can change hands on the basis of financial astrology. It may work at times, but it is not a foundation on which to build a global risk-management system.
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century.In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline. The depression originated in the U.S., after the fall in stock prices that began around September 4, 1929, and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday).The Great Depression had devastating effects in countries rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25%, and in some countries rose as high as 33%.Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries. Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by approximately 60%. Facing plummeting demand with few alternate sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries such as cash cropping, mining and logging suffered the most.
Monday, December 21, 2009
Donald Coxe: Underweight US Markets, Overweight Commodities, Canada And Emerging Markets
Donald Coxe in his December issue of Basic Points has some interesting recommendations (hat tip: Prieur Du Plessis)
From Mr. Coxe: (bold and italics highlights mine)
1. Remain underweighted in US equities - as a percentage of equities within global portfolios, and as a percentage of assets in US balanced portfolios. Underweight US bonds in global portfolios.
The long-term financial projections for the US are scary, even if one accepts the Obama assumptions: ten years of large deficits, no recessions, strong, sustained economic growth, and a mere 1% increase in Treasury yields. Those numbers make no allowance for the costs of health care, which will be huge. Debilitating tax increases are inevitable, even if the global warming “cap and tax” legislation does not pass.
2. Within US equity portfolios, underweight US economy-related stocks and overweight stocks tied to foreign economies.
US stocks outperformed after Obama’s election, but that created what could be called erogenous risk for investors. As long as the KRE [Regional Bank Index] continues to underperform both the BKX [Philadelphia Bank Index] and S&P, risks of a double-dip economy remain.
3. Overweight Emerged Markets (such as China, Hong Kong, Brazil, India and Korea) within global and international equity portfolios.
These markets should no longer be discounted heavily because of assumed gaps between their accounting and American practices. The credibility gap has been narrowed significantly. The FASB’s capitulation to Congressional pressure on big banks’ balance sheets is a sign that Volcker-style virtue is outdated.
4. Remain overweight commodity stocks within balanced accounts and equity-only accounts.
Strong commodity-oriented companies are tied to global growth trends, led by the Asian powerhouses, which means they have less endogenous risk than companies tied to the US and Europe.
5. Emphasize gold stocks in commodity stock accounts.
Gold and other precious metals appear to have entered a period of above-average volatility, but the unprecedented creation of paper money and national debts means ownership of the metals and producers will tend to reduce endogenous risk in most portfolios. The stocks will tend to outperform bullion on the upside; the bullion will outperform on the downside.
6. Continue to overweight the agriculture stocks.
The best-performing commodity group in the past three months has been the agricultural stocks, led by the machinery and fertilizer stocks. Street analysts turned negative on these groups during the summer, when it looked as if US crop production would reach painful levels. Then the weather intervened. We remain of the view that the best of the agriculture stocks are among the best-quality core positions among all equities.
7. Maintain exposure to the energy stocks, but continue to emphasize oil producers and to de-emphasize natural gas producers.
Oil and natural gas are both in oversupply at the moment. The difference is that crude oil prices remain strong despite oversupply, as oil companies and speculators hoard oil in anticipation of stronger demand next year - and in fear of a new Mideast war. Shale gas may be too readily available to be good short-term news for either the profits or stock prices of oil and gas producers - but Exxon’s move on XTO Energy shows what having huge shale reserves can do for takeover values in politically-secure terrain.
8. Base metal stock prices are somewhat riskier than those of other commodity groups, but are worth holding.
The producers are dependent on China’s willingness to continue to buy more metal than it needs for current consumption.
9. Within balanced portfolios, emphasize long-duration, high-quality bonds at the expense of Cash. Canadian bonds should be used by foreign investors, where possible, as alternatives to Treasurys and US corporates.
Cash isn’t a true risk reducer, because it delivers no yield and cannot rise if there’s a new panic. If you must own something that pays you nothing, buy gold. In contrast, long-duration bonds are the best hedge against a renewed economic downturn.
10. Canada offers better government, better governance, a better currency, and a better stock market than the USA. Buy Canadian.
The flip side to this is a wise balance sheet policy for Canadian companies. Borrowing in American dollars makes sense for Canadian exporters and resource companies - and for some other Canadian industries. Take advantage of (1) Bernanke’s heroin injections into US debt markets, and (2) Canada’s new financial prestige to reduce your endogenous currency risk by bulking up your borrowing in greenbacks.
Read the rest of Mr. Donald Coxe's report here.
Monday, April 20, 2009
10 Investing Guidelines From Richard Bernstein
Prolific blogger and fund manager Prieur Du Plessis profiles former Merrill Lynch strategist Richard Bernstein in his website, Investment Postcards.
We’ll quote the article interspersed with my comments in green (all bold highlights are mine).
``Respected Global Investment Strategist Richard Bernstein left Merrill Lynch this week after 20 years at the firm.
``Bernstein, who also wrote Navigate the Noise: Investing in the New Age of Media and Hype, was voted to the Institutional Investor All-America Research Team in each of the last 14 years.
``Writing his last Investment Strategy Update, Bernstein listed what he views as ten of the most important investment guidelines he has learned over the past 20 years. These guidelines are shared below.
1. Income is as important as capital gains. Because most investors ignore income opportunities, income may be more important than capital gains.
[my interpretation: in the stock market, dividends matter a great deal]
2. Most stock market indicators have never actually been tested. Most don’t work.
[my interpretation: “holy grail” investing is a mirage and a hokum.]
3. Most investors’ time horizons are much too short. Statistics indicate that day trading is largely based on luck.
[my interpretation: this is where the stock market becomes a personal casino. Combined with no.2 you don’t need fundamental or technical analysis when scalping or engaging in day trades. Over the short term, noise dominates signals. And when playing for luck, you can do the Burton Malkiel’s blindfolded monkey throwing darts approach]
4. Bull markets are made of risk aversion and undervalued assets. They are not made of cheering and a rush to buy.
[my interpretation: For the average stock market participants, this “cheering” and chasing prices during bull markets are very common. During bear markets, panic selling at the bottom and or blaming everyone else but themselves are familiar traits. Yet as Mr. Bernstein recommends, the opposite is required- buying on fear and selling on cheers. Nevertheless going against the crowd requires the aptitude of emotional intelligence.]
5. Diversification doesn’t depend on the number of asset classes in a portfolio. Rather, it depends on the correlations between the asset classes in a portfolio.
[my interpretation: the present crash tells us that only gold and the US dollar managed to diverge from the generally tightly correlated assets.]
6. Balance sheets are generally more important than income or cash-flow statements.
[my interpretation: the disintegration of the major US investment banking institutions are vivid examples]
7. Investors should focus strongly on GAAP accounting and should pay little attention to “pro forma” or “unaudited” financial statements.
[my interpretation: mainstream analysts tend to utilize analytical methodologies that suits or conforms to their biases.]
8. Investors should be providers of scarce capital. Return on capital is typically highest where capital is scarce.
[my interpretation: the current environment can be construed as having scarce capital.]
9. Investors should research financial history as much as possible.
[my interpretation: people make the same mistakes through the ages. That’s why we should learn from history]
10. Leverage gives the illusion of wealth. Saving is wealth.
[my interpretation: AMEN!!!]
Wednesday, March 04, 2009
Video:Breaking Down Buffett's Letter
Wednesday, October 22, 2008
Another Grizzly Bear Transforms To A “Cautious Bull”: Jeremy Grantham of GMO
In his latest outlook Reaping the Whirlwind, one of my favorite and distinguished “perma” bear Mr. Jeremy Grantham (JG) of GMO, wrote some very important insights (all highlights mine/charts from Jeremy Grantham):
JG: ``Global profit margins, the second near certainty, are also declining rapidly, but have a long way to go. The estimates of future earnings that we have been sniggering at for a year are still inconceivably high. Why do they bother? To repeat our mantra: global profit margins were recently at record highs. Profit margins are the most provably mean reverting series in finance or economics. They will go back to normal. After big moves, they almost invariably overrun. With the current set of global misfortunes, they are very likely to overrun considerably this time.”
My interpretation:
The impact to the real economy of the imploding bubble and credit crunch has yet to filter into corporate profits. This means markets may overshoot to the downside as they will eventually reflect on the downscaling of profit expectations amid the unraveling recessionary environment.
JG: ``The real growth in the index has historically been only 1.8% per year for the S&P, but for technical reasons (low payout rates in particular) we have allowed for moderately more real growth in recent years. In the six years since October 2002, the trend line has risen to 975 (plus or minus a little – we are constantly fine-tuning a percent here or there). Needless to say, two weeks ago the market crashed through that level, producing Exhibit 1. So now all 28 burst bubbles are present and accounted for. Long live mean reversion!”
My interpretation:
Reversions to the Mean have always been a truism for markets. It has happened before (in 28 previous bubbles) and has reinforced its applicability again today. Serious investors have always to keep this in mind.
My interpretation:
US markets today have fallen below trend line, but lessons of the past shows (see two charts above by Mr. Grantham) that there is that risk that markets can extend to the downside in as much as it has overreached to the upside. Don't forget markets are emotional than rational during major inflection points.
JG: ``On October 10th we can say that, with the S&P at 900, stocks are cheap in the U.S. and cheaper still overseas. We will therefore be steady buyers at these prices. Not necessarily rapid buyers, in fact probably not, but steady buyers. But we have no illusions. Timing is difficult and is apparently not usually our skill set, although we got desperately and atypically lucky moving rapidly to underweight in emerging equities three months ago. That aside, we play the numbers. And we recognize the real possibilities of severe and typical overruns. We also recognize that the current crisis comes with possibly unique dangers of a global meltdown. We recognize, in short, that we are very probably buying too soon. Caveat emptor.”
My interpretation:
US and global stocks have reached reasonable valuation or “cheap” levels. But since market timing is difficult, for Mr. Grantham, they will be gradual accumulators, in the understanding that markets could risk a downside overshoot.
JG: ``The global economy is likely to show the scars of this crisis for several years. In particular, the illusion of wealth created by over-inflated asset prices has been dramatically reduced and, though most of this effect is behind us, a substantial part of the housing decline in some European countries and the U.S. is still to occur. We were all spending and, in the case of the U.S., importing as if we were much richer than is in fact the case. Particularly here in the U.S., increasing household debt temporarily masked some of the pain from little or no increase in real hourly wages for 20 to 30 years. Household debt since 1982 has added over 1% a year to consumer spending. Unfortunately, this net benefit does not go on forever.”
My interpretation:
Following the bubble burst and the credit crunch, we transit o the next stage -the impact to the real economy.
The painful adjustment process will take time to heal which in the market’s vernacular translates to a cyclical shift into a “bottoming out” process.
JG: ``At under 1000 on the S&P 500, U.S. stocks are very reasonable buys for brave value managers willing to be early. The same applies to EAFE and emerging equities at October 10th prices, but even more so. History warns, though, that new lows are more likely than not. Fixed income has wide areas of very attractive, aberrant pricing. The dollar and the yen look okay for now, but the pound does not. Don’t worry at all about inflation. We can all save up our worries there for a couple of years from now and then really worry! Commodities may have big rallies, but the fundamentals of the next 18 months should wear them down to new two-year lows. As for us in asset allocation, we have made our choice: hesitant and careful buying at these prices and lower. Good luck with your decisions.”
My interpretation:
There are vast and select opportunities out there but an investor’s time horizon should extend to over 18 months, as bouts of volatility from the market clearing process will continue to surface intermittently until most of the required adjustments would have been attained.
Over the interim, inflation will not be much of a concern because of the deflationary impact from the ongoing debt destruction process.
Thank you, Mr. Grantham.
Thus, Mr. Grantham joins other contrarian former “bear” gurus as Warren Buffett and Dr. John Hussman to the cautious "bull" camp.