As with Hayek’s work, central to Pennington’s book is a deep understanding of the knowledge problem. This of course involves understanding that the relative values of alternative outputs that can be produced with the same set of inputs can be determined only in competitive, private-property-based markets. But this understanding involves more; it also involves the realization that such knowledge is never and can never be “given” (as is assumed in economics textbooks). That is, this knowledge is not simply revealed by decentralized, competitive decision-making; it is also produced by that process.No consumer comes to market with a detailed, full, and fixed scale of values that he seeks to satisfy. That scale takes shape only as consumers confront actual alternative opportunities in the market. Likewise, no producer comes to market with detailed, full, and fixed plans on exactly what to produce, how to produce it, and how much of it to produce. Those plans take operational shape, and are modified, in light of actual experience in the market—a market whose details are always changing in unanticipated ways for both consumers and producers.The knowledge problem, though, has yet another dimension beyond the economic. It springs from the fact that different people have different scales of ethical and political values…Egalitarians of various stripes, “market-failure” theorists of various pedigrees, and environmentalists of various shades of green all typically base their social-engineering schemes not only on a presumed agreement on ends that is unlikely to exist, but also on the simplistic assumption that knowledge of the rankings of various ends is easily gathered and made known to government officials.
(bold emphasis added)
This splendid explanation of the knowledge problem is from Professor Donald Boudreaux’s book review of Mark Pennington’s Robust Political Economy at the freemanonline.org
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